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超大整数实现及其四则运算

超大整数的表示及四则运算,大家的多数方法是采用字符串表示超大整数,然后再根据竖式计算的原理进行计算。例如12345678 + 87654321,就是两个字符串,然后将这两个字符串中的各个位取出来右对齐后进行一位位相加,如果有进位就考虑进位的问题,例如这里至少需要相加8次,如果最高位有进位,就是9次。
这里采用的方法相当于采用10^n进制来存储超大整数,例如12345678,如果按10000进制来存的话(因为这样的两个最大数相乘刚好不会超过10^9,可用用int32存),就是存成[1234,5678],两个整数,这样的话,只需要相加2次就可以了,而且进位的计算也最多只需要2次。相比字符串,当整数超大时,时间复杂度会降低很多。下面的实现中采用的是vector来存储的,由于加入了时间统计及DEBUG,所以看上去代码略多。
由于最近太忙,只实现了加、减和乘,除等以后有时间了再,下面是完整的代码,也不整理了,注释比较少,优化空间也很大,等以后有时间了再整,留个备注

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#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdint>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cassert>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>

#define NDEBUG

//方便调试的DEBUG输出函数
template <typename T>
std::ostream& DEBUG(const T& t, const std::string &msg = "DEBUG", std::ostream& os = std::cout)
{
os << "=" << msg << "=" << t << "==" << std::endl;
return os;
}

std::ostream& DEBUG(const std::vector<uint32_t> &vec, const std::string &msg = "DEBUG", std::ostream& os = std::cout)
{
os << "=" << msg << "=" ;
for (auto v : vec)
os << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << v << " ";
os << "==" << std::endl;
return os;
}



//按10000进制划分数字,因为相乘后的10^8不会越界
const int DEC = 4;

//10进制码表,以快速计算10^n
//由于使用int最多只能存到10^9,够用了
int quick_pow10(int n)
{
static int pow10[10] = {
1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000,
100000000, 1000000000
};
return pow10[n];
}


//比较含整型vector的大小
int vcompare(const std::vector<uint32_t>&, const std::vector<uint32_t>&);

class BigInt {
public:
friend bool operator>(const BigInt&, const BigInt&);
friend bool operator<(const BigInt&, const BigInt&);
friend bool operator==(const BigInt&, const BigInt&);
friend bool operator!=(const BigInt&, const BigInt&);
// 存有正整数的vec相加
friend std::vector<uint32_t> vadd(const std::vector<uint32_t> &, const std::vector<uint32_t> &);
// 存有正整数的vec相减,大减小,lsh - rhs
friend std::vector<uint32_t> vsub(const std::vector<uint32_t> &, const std::vector<uint32_t> &);
// 存有正整数的vec相乘
friend std::vector<uint32_t> vmul(const std::vector<uint32_t> &, const std::vector<uint32_t> &);


BigInt() : negative(false), zero(true) { vnum.push_back(0); }
BigInt(const std::string &);
BigInt(const BigInt&);
BigInt& operator=(const BigInt&);
//负加负、负加正、正加负转化为正减负
BigInt operator+(const BigInt&) const;
BigInt operator-(const BigInt&) const;
BigInt operator*(const BigInt&) const;
BigInt operator/(const BigInt&) const;
~BigInt() = default;

// void setnegative(bool ne) { negative = ne; }
// void setzero(bool ze) { zero = ze; }
// bool getnegative() const { return negative; }
// bool getzero() const { return zero; }
// void setvnum(const std::vector<uint32_t> num) { vnum = num; setzero(false); }
std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os = std::cout) const;

//将string按n位一组划分为整型,存入vector
void strtovec(std::vector<uint32_t> &, const std::string &, const int n);

private:
std::vector<uint32_t> vnum; //存放读取的数字
bool negative; //是否为负数
bool zero;
int ctoi(char ch) { return (ch - '0'); } //字符转整型
char itoc(int i) { return (i + '0'); } //整数转字符
uint32_t strtoi(const std::string &str); //字符串转整型
};

int vcompare(const std::vector<uint32_t>&lhs, const std::vector<uint32_t>&rhs)
{
if (lhs.size() > rhs.size())
return 1;

if (lhs.size() < rhs.size())
return -1;

for (std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
if ( lhs[i] > rhs[i] )
return 1;
else if ( lhs[i] < rhs[i] )
return -1;
}

return 0;
}


bool operator>(const BigInt&lhs, const BigInt&rhs)
{
const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhsv = lhs.vnum;
const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhsv = rhs.vnum;
/*
#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(lhs, "lhs");
DEBUG(rhs, "rhs");
#endif
*/
if (lhs.negative && ((!rhs.negative) || rhs.zero))
return false;

if (!lhs.negative && rhs.negative)
return true;

if ((lhs.negative && rhs.negative) || (!lhs.negative && !rhs.negative)) {
/*
#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(vcompare(lhsv, rhsv), "vcom");
#endif
*/
int vcom = vcompare(lhsv, rhsv);
if (vcom == 1) {
if (!lhs.negative)
return true;
else
return false;
}
else if (vcom == -1) {
if (lhs.negative)
return true;
else
return false;
}

}
return false;
}

bool operator<(const BigInt&lhs, const BigInt&rhs)
{
const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhsv = lhs.vnum;
const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhsv = rhs.vnum;
if (lhs.negative && (!rhs.negative || rhs.zero))
return true;

if (!lhs.negative && rhs.negative)
return false;

if ((lhs.negative && rhs.negative) || (!lhs.negative && !rhs.negative)) {
int vcom = vcompare(lhsv, rhsv);
if (vcom == -1) {
if (!lhs.negative)
return true;
else
return false;
}
else if (vcom == 1) {
if (lhs.negative)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}
return false;
}

bool operator==(const BigInt&lhs, const BigInt&rhs)
{
if (lhs.zero && rhs.zero)
return true;
if (lhs.negative == rhs.negative && vcompare(lhs.vnum, rhs.vnum) == 0)
return true;
return false;
}

bool operator!=(const BigInt&lhs, const BigInt&rhs)
{
return (lhs == rhs);
}

uint32_t BigInt::strtoi(const std::string &str)
{
uint32_t uin = 0;
for (auto c : str) {
uin = uin * 10 + ctoi(c);
}
return uin;
}

void BigInt::strtovec(std::vector<uint32_t> &vec, const std::string &str, const int n = DEC)
{
std::string::size_type s_length = str.length();
int first_item_length = s_length % n;
if (first_item_length != 0) {
std::string fir_str = str.substr(0, first_item_length);
vec.push_back(strtoi(fir_str));
}
for (std::string::size_type sec = first_item_length; sec < s_length; sec += n) {
std::string sstr = str.substr(sec, n);
vec.push_back(strtoi(sstr));
}
}

BigInt::BigInt(const std::string &str)
{
negative = false;
zero = false;
std::string tstr = str;
if (str[0] == '-') {
negative = true;
tstr = str.substr(1, str.length());
}
else if (str[0] == '+') {
tstr = str.substr(1, str.length());
}

if (tstr.find_first_not_of("0123456789") != std::string::npos || tstr.empty()) {
throw std::runtime_error("Non-number detected!");
}

std::string::size_type nzeropos = tstr.find_first_not_of("0");
if (nzeropos == std::string::npos) {
negative = false;
zero = true;
vnum.push_back(0);
}
else {
tstr = tstr.substr(nzeropos, tstr.length());
strtovec(vnum, tstr, DEC);
}
}

BigInt::BigInt(const BigInt& rhs)
{
negative = rhs.negative;
zero = rhs.zero;
vnum = rhs.vnum;
}

BigInt& BigInt::operator=(const BigInt& rhs)
{
if (this != &rhs) {
negative = rhs.negative;
zero = rhs.zero;
vnum = rhs.vnum;
}
return *this;
}

std::ostream& BigInt::print(std::ostream& os) const
{
if (zero) {
os << 0 << std::endl;
return os;
}

if (negative)
os << '-';

bool first_nozero = false; //从第一个非0开始输出
for (std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type i = 0; i < vnum.size(); ++i) {
if (vnum[i] != 0 )
first_nozero = true;

if (i != 0 && first_nozero)
os << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << vnum[i];
else if (first_nozero || i == (vnum.size() - 1))
os << vnum[i];
}
return os;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const BigInt& num)
{
num.print(os);
return os;
}

std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& os, BigInt& num)
{
std::string str;
os >> str;
num = BigInt(str);
return os;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> vadd(const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhs, const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhs)
{
std::vector<uint32_t> lvnum(lhs);
std::vector<uint32_t> rvnum(rhs);
std::reverse(lvnum.begin(), lvnum.end());
std::reverse(rvnum.begin(), rvnum.end());

std::vector<uint32_t> &long_vec = rvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t> &short_vec = lvnum;

if (rvnum.size() < lvnum.size()) {
std::swap(long_vec, short_vec);
}

/*
#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(long_vec, "lvec");
DEBUG(short_vec, "svec");
#endif
*/

int carry = 0;
std::vector<uint32_t> resvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type sindex = 0;
int pow = quick_pow10(DEC);

for (; sindex < short_vec.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = long_vec[sindex] + short_vec[sindex] + carry;
resvnum.push_back(res % pow);
carry = res / pow;
}
for (; sindex < long_vec.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = long_vec[sindex] + carry;
resvnum.push_back(res % pow);
carry = res / pow;
}
if (carry != 0)
resvnum.push_back(carry);

std::reverse(resvnum.begin(), resvnum.end());
return resvnum;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> vadd_reverse(const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhs, const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhs)
{
std::vector<uint32_t> lvnum(lhs);
std::vector<uint32_t> rvnum(rhs);

std::vector<uint32_t> &long_vec = rvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t> &short_vec = lvnum;

if (rvnum.size() < lvnum.size()) {
std::swap(long_vec, short_vec);
}

/*
#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(long_vec, "lvec");
DEBUG(short_vec, "svec");
#endif
*/

int carry = 0;
std::vector<uint32_t> resvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type sindex = 0;
int pow = quick_pow10(DEC);

for (; sindex < short_vec.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = long_vec[sindex] + short_vec[sindex] + carry;
resvnum.push_back(res % pow);
carry = res / pow;
}
for (; sindex < long_vec.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = long_vec[sindex] + carry;
resvnum.push_back(res % pow);
carry = res / pow;
}
if (carry != 0)
resvnum.push_back(carry);

return resvnum;
}



std::vector<uint32_t> vsub(const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhs, const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhs)
{
std::vector<uint32_t> lvnum(lhs);
std::vector<uint32_t> rvnum(rhs);
std::reverse(lvnum.begin(), lvnum.end());
std::reverse(rvnum.begin(), rvnum.end());

int carry = 0;
std::vector<uint32_t> resvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type sindex = 0;
int pow = quick_pow10(DEC);

for (; sindex < rvnum.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = 0;
if (lvnum[sindex] < rvnum[sindex]) {
res = lvnum[sindex] - carry + pow - rvnum[sindex];
carry = 1;
}
else if (lvnum[sindex] == rvnum[sindex]) {
if (carry == 1) {
res = lvnum[sindex] - carry + pow - rvnum[sindex];
carry = 1;
}
else {
res = lvnum[sindex] - rvnum[sindex];
carry = 0;
}
}
else {
res = lvnum[sindex] - carry - rvnum[sindex];
carry = 0;
}

resvnum.push_back(res);
}

for (; sindex < lvnum.size(); ++sindex) {
uint32_t res = 0;
if (lvnum[sindex] == 0 && carry == 1) {
res = lvnum[sindex] + pow - carry;
}
else {
res = lvnum[sindex] - carry;
carry = 0;
}
resvnum.push_back(res);
}

std::reverse(resvnum.begin(), resvnum.end());
return resvnum;

}


std::vector<uint32_t> vmul(const std::vector<uint32_t> &lhs, const std::vector<uint32_t> &rhs)
{
std::vector<uint32_t> lvnum(lhs);
std::vector<uint32_t> rvnum(rhs);
std::reverse(lvnum.begin(), lvnum.end());
std::reverse(rvnum.begin(), rvnum.end());

std::vector<uint32_t> &long_vec = rvnum;
std::vector<uint32_t> &short_vec = lvnum;

if (rvnum.size() < lvnum.size()) {
std::swap(long_vec, short_vec);
}

std::vector<uint32_t> resvnum{0};
std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type sindex = 0, lindex = 0;
int pow = quick_pow10(DEC);

for (; sindex < short_vec.size(); ++sindex) {
std::vector<uint32_t> resv;
uint32_t carry = 0;
std::vector<uint32_t>::size_type i = 0;
while (i++ < sindex) {
resv.push_back(0);
}
for (lindex = 0; lindex < long_vec.size(); ++lindex) {
uint32_t res = long_vec[lindex] * short_vec[sindex] + carry;
resv.push_back(res % pow);
carry = res / pow;
}

if (carry != 0)
resv.push_back(carry);

#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(resv, "resv");
DEBUG(carry, "carry");
DEBUG(resvnum, "resvnum");
#endif

resvnum = vadd_reverse(resvnum, resv);
}

std::reverse(resvnum.begin(), resvnum.end());
return resvnum;
}



BigInt BigInt::operator+(const BigInt&rhs) const
{
if (rhs.zero)
return *this;
if (this->zero)
return rhs;

BigInt res;

res.vnum = vadd(this->vnum, rhs.vnum); //正加正
res.zero = false;

if (negative && rhs.negative) { // 负加负
res.negative = true;
}
else if (negative && !rhs.negative) { //负加正
BigInt lhs(*this);
lhs.negative = false;
res = rhs - lhs;
}
else if (!negative && rhs.negative) { //正加负
BigInt rrhs(rhs);
rrhs.negative = false;
res = *this - rrhs;
}

return res;
}

BigInt BigInt::operator-(const BigInt&rhs) const
{
BigInt res;

if (rhs.zero)
return *this;

if (this->zero) {
res = *this;
res.negative = !negative;
if (rhs.zero)
res.zero = true;
return res;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> long_vec, short_vec;

if (vcompare(this->vnum, rhs.vnum) == -1) {
long_vec = rhs.vnum;
short_vec = this->vnum;
res.negative = true;
}
else {
long_vec = this->vnum;
short_vec = rhs.vnum;
}

res.vnum = vsub(long_vec, short_vec);
res.zero = false;

if (negative && rhs.negative) { // 负减负
res.negative = !res.negative;
}
else if (negative && !rhs.negative) { //负减正
res.negative = true;
res.vnum = vadd(vnum, rhs.vnum);
}
else if (!negative && rhs.negative) { //正减负
res.negative = false;
res.vnum = vadd(vnum, rhs.vnum);
}

return res;
}

BigInt BigInt::operator*(const BigInt&rhs) const
{
BigInt res;
if (rhs.zero || this->zero) {
return res;
}

res.vnum = vmul(this->vnum, rhs.vnum); //正乘正,负乘负
res.zero = false;

if ((negative && !rhs.negative) || (!negative && rhs.negative)) { //负乘正,正乘负
res.negative = true;
}

return res;
}

BigInt BigInt::operator/(const BigInt&rhs) const
{
BigInt res;

return res;
}

BigInt cacBigInt(const std::string &str)
{
std::istringstream is(str);
char op;
BigInt lnum, rnum, res;
is >> lnum >> op >> rnum;
/*
#ifndef NDEBUG
DEBUG(lnum);
DEBUG(op);
DEBUG(rnum);
#endif
*/
switch(op) {
case '+':
res = lnum + rnum; break;
case '-':
res = lnum - rnum; break;
case '*':
res = lnum * rnum; break;
case '/':
res = lnum / rnum; break;
}
return res;
}

int main(void)
{
std::ifstream inf("cal.txt");
std::string line;
while (std::getline(inf, line) && !line.empty()) {
std::cout << "==" << std::endl;
auto t_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

std::cout << cacBigInt(line) << std::endl;

auto t_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(5) << "---Caculate time: "
<< std::chrono::duration<double, std::micro>(t_end - t_start).count()
<< " μs---" << std::endl;
std::cout << "==" << std::endl;
}
inf.close();

getchar();

return 0;
}

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